National leaders, ministers, governors and UN officials who were ousted, quit or impeached between 2014 and 2018 after claimed and\or proven corruption and\or gross misconduct

Overview
A list of national leaders, Ministers and UN officials who were ousted or impeached between 2014 and 2018 after claimed corruption, defrauding the state or profesional gross misconduct!

Politicians' personal political bias, electoral fraud and those running puppet states are not included in this list.

Pérez Molina
Otto Fernando Pérez Molina (born 1 December 1950) is a Guatemalan politician and retired military officer, who was President of Guatemala from 2012 to 2015. Standing as the Patriotic Party (Partido Patriota) candidate, he lost the 2007 presidential election but prevailed in the 2011 presidential election. During the 1990s, before entering politics, he served as Director of Military Intelligence, Presidential Chief of Staff under President Ramiro de León Carpio, and as chief representative of the military for the Guatemalan Peace Accords. On being elected President, he called for the legalization of drugs.

On 2 September 2015, beset by corruption allegations and having been stripped of his immunity by Congress the day earlier, Pérez presented his resignation. He was arrested on 3 September 2015.

The Guatemalan radio station Emisoras Unidas reported exchanging text messages with Perez Molina. Asked whether he planned to resign, he wrote: "I will face whatever is necessary to face, and what the law requires." Some protesters demanded the general election be postponed, both because of the crisis and because it was plagued with accusations of irregularities. Others warned that suspending the vote could lead to an institutional vacuum. However, on 2 September 2015 Pérez Molina resigned, a day after Congress impeached him. On 3 September 2015 he was summoned to the Justice Department for his first legal audience for the La Linea corruption case.

In June 2016 a United Nations-backed prosecutor described the administration of Pérez Molina to a crime syndicate and outlined another corruption case, this one dubbed Cooperacha (Kick-in). The head of the Social Security Institute and at least five other ministers pooled funds to buy him luxurious gifts such as motorboats, spending over $4.7 million in three years.

Beata Szydło
Beata Maria Szydło ([bɛˈata ˈmarja ˈʂɨdwɔ]); née Kusińska [kuˈɕiɲska]; 15 April 1963) is a Polish politician serving as Deputy Prime Minister of Poland. Following the 2015 parliamentary election, she formed her cabinet, which took office on 16 November 2015. Before being appointed Prime Minister, she successfully led the presidential campaign of Andrzej Duda, the 2015 presidential nominee of Law and Justice party. On 7 December 2017, she resigned from office along with all members of her cabinet. The next day her resignation was accepted by the President Andrzej Duda, who at the same time designated Mateusz Morawiecki as new Prime Minister. She is vice-chairman of the Law and Justice party.

She was the third female to hold the office of Prime Minister after Hanna Suchocka and Ewa Kopacz and the first to succeed another woman (the latter) in office. In 2017, she was ranked 31 in Forbes magazine's ranking of world's 100 most powerful women and came tenth among the most influential female political leaders.

On 18 October 2015 she made her keynote address, further receiving 236 votes in favour of her government. One of her first decisions was to remove the European Union flag from press conferences at the Chancellery of the Prime Minister and to replace the clock in the meeting hall of the Council of Ministers with a Cross. She declared introducing the 500+ programme will be her priority as Prime Minister. The programme was introduced on 1 April 2016, supplying families with 500PLN for every child, starting from the second child. It is intended to serve as a demographic stimulus, and enhance population growth.

One of the biggest controversies during her administration, the 2015 Polish Constitutional Court crisis was officially criticized by the European Parliament, which, on 13 April 2016, passed a resolution declaring that the Parliament "is seriously concerned that the effective paralysis of the Constitutional Tribunal in Poland endangers democracy, human rights and the rule of law".

Beata Szydło's government was strongly opposed to the UK's effort to stop EU immigrants claiming in-work benefits for four years if they moved to Britain. Increasing the support for Brexit, Beata Szydło did offer support in return for a permanent base of NATO troops on Polish territory, in breach of a 1997 agreement with Russia.

Sandeep Kumar
Sandeep Kumar is an Indian politician who served as minister of SC/ST Welfare and Women and Child Welfare in the Delhi government, under the Chief Minister of Delhi, Arvind Kejriwal. Kumar was removed from cabinet and party by Kejriwal on 31 August 2016 after he allegedly appeared in a sex tape. He was the youngest minister in Kejriwal's cabinet during his tenure. He was a member of the Aam Aadmi Party and represents Sultan Pur Majra (Assembly constituency) in member of the Sixth Legislative Assembly of Delhi.

Sandeep Kumar was sacked from AAP by Arvind Kejriwal after a sex tape emerged in which Sandeep Kumar was allegedly involved.He was arrested on rape charges on the complaint of a woman, was today sent to 14-day judicial custody.

Park Geun-hye
Park Geun-hye (Hangul: 박근혜; Hanja: 朴槿惠; RR: Bak Geun(-)hye; IPA: [pak‿k͈ɯn.hje]; English: /ˈpɑːk ˌɡʊn ˈheɪ/;[1] born 2 February 1952) is a former South Korean politician who served as President of South Korea from 2013 to 2017.

Park — the first woman to be elected as President of South Korea[2] —was also the first female president popularly elected as head of state in East Asia.

Prior to her presidency, Park was chairwoman of the conservative Grand National Party (GNP), which later changed its name to Saenuri Party in February 2012, from 2004 to 2006 and 2011 to 2012. She was also a member of the National Assembly, serving four consecutive parliamentary terms between 1998 and 2012. She started her fifth term as a representative elected by national list in June 2012. Her father, Park Chung-hee, was the President of South Korea from 1963 to 1979, serving five consecutive terms after he seized power in 1961.[2]

In 2013 and 2014, Park was ranked 11th on the Forbes list of the world's 100 most powerful women and the most powerful woman in East Asia.[3] In 2014, she was ranked 46th on the Forbes list of the world's most powerful people, the third-highest South Korean on the list, after Lee Kun-hee and Lee Jae-yong.

On 9 December 2016, Park was impeached by the National Assembly on charges related to influence peddling by her top aide, Choi Soon-sil.[4] Her presidential powers and duties were suspended with the ratification of the impeachment. Then-Prime Minister Hwang Kyo-ahn thus assumed those powers and duties as Acting President.[5] The impeachment was upheld by the Constitutional Court via a unanimous 8–0 ruling to remove Park from office on 10 March 2017, discontinuing her presidency and forcing her out of office.[6]

She was impeached in relation with the 2016 South Korean political scandal.

In late October 2016, investigations into Park's relationship with Choi Soon-sil, daughter of the late Church of Eternal Life cult leader and President Park's mentor Choi Tae-min began.

Choi and President Park's senior staffs including both Ahn Jong-bum and Jeong Ho-sung have used their influence to extort ₩77.4 billion (~ $75M) from Korean chaebols – family-owned large business conglomerates – and set up two culture and sports-related foundations, Mir and K-sports foundations. Choi is also accused of having influenced Ewha Womans University to change their admission criteria in order for her daughter Chung Yoo-ra to be given a place there. The head of Samsung Corp., Lee Jae Yong, was brought down over it.

Ahn Jong-bum and Jeong Ho-sung, top presidential aides, were arrested for abuse of power and helping Choi; they denied wrongdoing and claimed that they were simply following President Park's orders.

Park is currently an inmate at Seoul Detention Center.

Yingluck Shinawatra
Yingluck Shinawatra (Thai: ยิ่งลักษณ์ ชินวัตร, rtgs: Yinglak Chinnawat, pronounced [jîŋ.lák tɕʰīn.nā.wát]; born 21 June 1967), nicknamed Pu (Thai: ปู, pronounced [pūː], meaning "crab"),[1] is a Thai businesswoman and politician, she is a member of the Pheu Thai Party who became the 28th Prime Minister of Thailand following the 2011 election. Yingluck was Thailand's first female Prime Minister and its youngest in over 60 years. Also, she holds the distinction as the world's first female of Chinese descent to have had led the government of a UN member state. She was removed from office on 7 May 2014 by a Constitutional Court decision that found her guilty on a charge of abuse of power.[2][3] On the 27th september 2017, she is sentenced in absentia to five years in prison because of her criminal negligence in a rice subsidy scheme program towards rice producers.

The Supreme Court convicted her of mishandling a rice subsidy scheme which allegedly cost Thailand at least $8bn and left the international export market open to Vietnamese firms who cornered the market at Thailand's expense. She reckoned the poor deserve cheep rice and exporting all of it was cruel, but most stayed in warehouses and went nowhere according to state officials. Some critics said she did not really care about poverty and just wanted to buy northern peasants' votes with cheep rice.

Born in Chiang Mai Province into a wealthy family of Hakka Chinese descent,[4][5] Yingluck Shinawatra earned a bachelor's degree from Chiang Mai University and a master's degree from Kentucky State University, both in public administration.[6] She then became an executive in the businesses founded by her elder brother, Thaksin Shinawatra, and later became the president of property developer SC Asset and managing director of Advanced Info Service. Thaksin served as Prime Minister from 2001 until 2006 when he was overthrown by a military coup. He fled abroad shortly before he was convicted in absentia of using his position to increase his own wealth. He has since lived in self-imposed exile to avoid his sentence in prison.

In May 2011, the Pheu Thai Party, which maintains close ties to Thaksin, nominated Yingluck as their candidate for Prime Minister in the 2011 election.[7][8] She campaigned on a platform of national reconciliation, poverty eradication, and corporate income tax reduction and won a landslide victory.

After mass protests against her government in late 2013, she asked for a dissolution of parliament on 9 December 2013, triggering a snap election, but continued to act as caretaker prime minister.[9] On 7 May 2014, the Constitutional Court of Thailand removed Yingluck Shinawatra from the office of caretaker prime minister and defence minister following months of political crisis. The court found her guilty of charges of abuse of power over the transfer of national security chief Thawil Pliensri in 2011 to make way for a Pheu Thai supporter.[10] In the wake of the May 2014 military coup, Yingluck was arrested along with former cabinet ministers and political leaders of all parties and held at an army camp for a few days while the coup was consolidated.

As chairperson of the rice committee, Yingluck faced investigation by Thailand's anti-graft agency which investigated Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra's role in the rice pledging scheme after bringing formal charges of corruption against two of her cabinet ministers. The National Anti-Corruption Commission (NACC) checked to see if she was negligent in her duties as chair of the National Rice Policy Committee.[69] Representatives from The United States were present.

Despite being chairperson of the rice committee, Yingluck admitted in the 2013 censure debate against her government that she had never attended meetings of the National Rice Policy Committee.[70]

On 7 May 2014, the Constitutional Court unanimously dismissed Yingluck from office in consequence of the unconstitutional transfer of a top security officer, Thawil Pliensri, as National Security Council secretary-general in 2011. Thawil was removed from the post in September 2011, paving the way for then police chief Pol Gen Wichean to replace him. Pol Gen Priewpan Damapong, the brother of the former wife of Yingluck's brother Thaksin, succeeded Pol Gen Wichean as police chief. Yingluck argued that Pol Gen Priewpan's appointment was not for the sake of her family because Thaksin had already divorced Potjaman Damapong when the transfer was made.[71]

On 8 May 2014, the National Anti-Corruption Commission (NACC) unanimously agreed to indict Yingluck in the rice-pledging scheme corruption case citing millions of rice farmers who remain unpaid.[72][73][74]

On 28 November, Thailand's National Legislative Assembly (NLA) denied the addition of 72 pieces of evidence to her rice-pledging case. The first hearing of her impeachment case was also scheduled to be on 9 January 2015.[75]

On 15 January 2016, the trial against Yingluck began.[76]

On 25 August 2017, the day the judgment was scheduled to be pronounced by the Supreme Court, Yingluck failed to appear before the court, who then issued an arrest warrant for her and confiscated her ฿30,000,000 bail money.[77] Police estimated up to 3,000 of her supporters gathered outside the court in Bangkok before the hearing of the judgment. It was reported that Yingluck had fled the country ahead of the judgment.[78] Some senior members of her political party said she left Thailand the week before to Dubai.[79] The pronouncement was then rescheduled to 27 September 2017. If convicted, Yingluck could be jailed up to 10 years and permanently banned from politics.[78]

On 27 September 2017, the judgment was pronounced in her absence, saying she was found guilty of dereliction of duty over the rice subsidy scheme and was sentenced to five years in prison.[80][81]

Dilma Rousseff
Dilma Vana Rousseff (Brazilian Portuguese: [ˈdʒiwmɐ ˈvɐnɐ ʁuˈsɛf(i)]; known mononymously as Dilma, born 14 December 1947) is a Brazilian economist and politician who was the 36th President of Brazil from 2011 until her impeachment and removal from office on 31 August 2016, becoming the first democratically-elected female president in the world to be impeached and removed. She was the first woman to hold the Brazilian presidency and had previously served as Chief of Staff to former president Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva from 2005 to 2010.

The daughter of a Bulgarian immigrant, Rousseff was raised in an upper middle class household in Belo Horizonte.[2] She became a socialist in her youth and after the 1964 coup d'état joined left-wing and Marxist urban guerrilla groups that fought against the military dictatorship. Rousseff was captured, tortured, and jailed from 1970 to 1972.

After her release, Rousseff rebuilt her life in Porto Alegre with Carlos Araújo, who was her husband for 30 years.[2] They both helped to found the Democratic Labour Party (PDT) in Rio Grande do Sul, and participated in several of the party's electoral campaigns. She became the treasury secretary of Porto Alegre under Alceu Collares, and later Secretary of Energy of Rio Grande do Sul under both Collares and Olívio Dutra. In 2000, after an internal dispute in the Dutra cabinet, she left the PDT and joined the Workers' Party (PT).

In 2002, Rousseff became an energy policy advisor to presidential candidate Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, who on winning the election invited her to become his minister of energy. Chief of Staff José Dirceu resigned in 2005 in a political crisis triggered by the Mensalão corruption scandal. Rousseff became chief of staff and remained in that post until 31 March 2010, when she stepped down to run for president. She was elected in a run-off on 31 October 2010, beating Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB) candidate José Serra. On 26 October 2014 she won a narrow second-round victory over Aécio Neves, also of the PSDB.

Impeachment proceedings against Rousseff began in the Chamber of Deputies on 3 December 2015. On 12 May 2016, the Senate of Brazil suspended President Rousseff's powers and duties for up to six months or until the Senate decided whether to remove her from office or to acquit her. Vice President Michel Temer assumed her powers and duties as Acting President of Brazil during her suspension. On 31 August 2016, the Senate voted 61–20 to impeach, finding Rousseff guilty of breaking budgetary laws and removing her from office.

In March and April 2015 millions of protesters took to the streets during the 2015 protests in Brazil against Rousseff's alleged involvement in the Petrobras scandal which involved kickbacks and corruption. When allegations surfaced that graft occurred while President Rousseff was part of the board of directors of Petrobras, between 2003 and 2010, Brazilians became upset with the government and called for Rousseff's impeachment. No direct evidence implicating Rousseff in the scheme has been made public, and she denies having any prior knowledge of it.

Tomomi Inada
Tomomi Inada (稲田 朋美 Inada Tomomi, born 20 February 1959) is a Japanese lawyer and politician. Inada resigned as defense minister in July 2017 over a cover up scandal. She spent time as the Chairwoman of the Policy Research Council of the Liberal Democratic Party in her fourth term as a member of the House of Representatives in the Diet (national legislature). She is a native of Fukui Prefecture.

Inada resigned in late July 2017 over claims that she helped to cover up internal records that exposed the danger Japanese peacekeepers faced in South Sudan after the Defense Ministry partially released information it had found on a computer.

The primary task of Japan’s 350-strong military contingent, which was based in Juba for the past between 2012 and 2017, was been to build infrastructure in the war-torn country. She, who rejected opposition calls to resign because she refused to describe the conflict as “fighting.” in a private e-mail that was leaked. She was later sacked from her job due to unpopularity and a lack of penitence for her bad attitude in the ministry.

The withdrawal helped ease the political pressure on Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, which had sworn to resign if any Japanese troops were killed in the mission. His support amongst key voters was badly eroded after his wife was linked to a school accused of involvement in a murky land deal in early 2017.

Renata Lok-Dessallien
The United Nations Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator and UNDP Resident Representative in Myanmar since January, 2014, Renata Lok-Dessallien, was informally investigated by the UN and unofficially asked to quit during September, 2017; due to accusations she helped the Myanmar government cover-up a massacre of Rohingya people by non-Rohingyas in Maungdaw township earlier that year. The UN soon denied she was sacked or even asked to be sacked after rumours that she was removed from her job in the September of 2017.

Vladimir Miklushevsky
Governor of Primorsky Krai, Vladimir Miklushevsky, was sacked on 12/05/2017 since he was suspected of being a crook and known to be a failure at stopping crime.

After 5 years it became evident that the decriminalization policy had failed. More than 200 criminal cases have been instituted against close associates of the Governor. Almost 400 checks were conducted in to the local energy firm Primteploenergo. 2 Vice Governors – Oleg Ezhov and Sergei Sidorenko, were also later arrested.

Sir Michael Fallon
Sir Michael Cathel Fallon KCB (born 14 May 1952) is a British politician of the Conservative Party serving as Member of Parliament (MP) for Sevenoaks since 1997. From 2014 to 2017, he was Secretary of State for Defence and a member of the National Security Council. He was previously Deputy Chairman of the Conservative Party (2010–12), Minister of State for Business and Enterprise (2012–14), Minister of State for Energy (2013–14), and Minister of State for Portsmouth (2014).

During the run-up to the 2015 general election, Fallon wrote an article in The Times saying that Ed Miliband had stabbed his brother in the back to become Labour leader and he would also stab Britain in the back to become prime minister. Fallon subsequently declined the opportunity to describe Miliband as a decent person and his comments embarrassed some Conservative supporters. Miliband's response saying that Fallon had fallen below his usual standards and demeaned himself were seen by the New Statesman as dignified, contrasting with Fallon's counter-productive personal attack.

According to The Daily Telegraph, Fallon, Deputy Chairman of the Treasury Select Committee, claimed for mortgage repayments on his Westminster flat in their entirety. MPs are only allowed to claim for interest charges.

Between 2002 and 2004, Fallon regularly claimed £1,255 per month in capital repayments and interest, rather than the £700-£800 for the interest component alone. After his error was noticed by staff at the Commons Fees Office in September 2004, he asked: "Why has no one brought this to my attention before?" He repaid £2,200 of this over-claim, but was allowed to offset the remaining £6,100 against his allowance. After realising they had failed to notice the excessive claims, Commons staff reportedly suggested Fallon submit fresh claims which would "reassign" the surplus payments to other costs he had legitimately incurred.

In late October 2017 it was reported that Fallon had repeatedly and inappropriately touched journalist Julia Hartley-Brewer's knee during a dinner in 2002. Hartley-Brewer recalled that after Fallon kept putting his hand on her knee, she "calmly and politely explained to him, that if he did it again, I would punch him in the face". Fallon resigned two days after the allegation surfaced.

Sir Michael Fallon was forced to quit after being accused of making lewd comments to Andrea Leadsom and inappropriately touching a journalist.

Viktor Yanukovych
Viktor Fedorovych Yanukovych (Ukrainian: Ві́ктор Фе́дорович Януко́вич, About this sound listen (help·info); born 9 July 1950) is a Ukrainian politician who was elected as the fourth President of Ukraine on February 7, 2010.[4] He served as President from February 2010 until his removal from power in February 2014 as a result of the 2014 Ukrainian revolution. He is currently in exile in Russia and wanted by Ukraine for high treason.[5]

Yanukovych served as the governor of Donetsk Oblast, a province in eastern Ukraine, from 1997 to 2002. He was Prime Minister of Ukraine from 21 November 2002 to 31 December 2004, under President Leonid Kuchma. Yanukovych first ran for president in 2004: he advanced to the runoff election, and initially defeated his opponent. However, the election was fraught with allegations of fraud and voter intimidation. This caused widespread citizen protests and Kiev's Independence Square was occupied in what became known as the Orange Revolution. The Ukrainian Supreme Court nullified the runoff election, and ordered a second runoff. Yanukovych lost this second runoff election to Viktor Yushchenko. Yanukovych served as Prime Minister for a second time from 4 August 2006 to 18 December 2007, under President Yushchenko.

Euromaidan protests
The Euromaidan protests started in November 2013 when Ukrainian citizens demanded stronger integration with the European Union. The origins of Euromaidan began as a smaller protest that had started in Maidan Nezalezhnosti|Independence Square in the center of Kiev on 21 November, the day Yanukovych abruptly changed his mind on an Association Agreement with the European Union, deciding to strengthen economic ties with Russia instead. But it was not until 30 November, when a group of student protesters were attacked by police leading to several injuries and hospitalizations, that the protest became a national movement. Many people joined the protest in Independence Square, whose numbers had swelled to nearly 1 million by 8 December.

The protesters refused to leave the square until their demands were met. These included items that the government should release jailed protesters, sign the EU agreement, and change the Constitution of Ukraine, and that Yanukovych should resign.

The protestors were attacked by police, resulting in civil unrest across Western Ukraine. Yanukovych dismissed this as the work of his political opponents; instead, protesters called all the more for his resignation, saying he was "aloof" and unresponsive.

Violence escalated after 16 January 2014 when Yanukovych signed the Bondarenko-Oliynyk laws, also known as Anti-protest laws in Ukraine|Anti-Protest Laws. Demonstrators occupied provincial administration buildings in at least 10 regions, sending the police fleeing through rear exits in some instances. Verkhovna Rada lawmakers repealed nine of the 12 restrictive laws that had been passed on 16 January by a show of hands, without debate. Outrage ensued at the limits the laws imposed on free speech and assembly in the country. In a striking concession aimed at defusing Ukraine's civil uprising and preserving his own grip on power, President Yanukovych offered to install opposition leaders in top posts in a reshaped government, but they swiftly rebuffed the offer to the delight of thousands of protesters on the streets craving a fuller victory in the days ahead.

Mykola Azarov, the prime minister of Ukraine, resigned on 28 January. In a statement he wrote that he was resigning "for the sake of a peaceful resolution" to the civil unrest.

Talks with Yanukovych failed in February 2014, and Ukraine appeared to be on the brink of civil war. 28 protesters had been killed including seven policemen and a civilian bystander, with 335 injured on 18 February and dozens of others on 20 February in bloody clashes in the capital Kiev. Altogether, at least 77 people were reportedly killed in Euromaidan, and estimates ranged to over 100 deaths and 1,100 injuries.

Reports of corruption and cronyism
Yanukovych has been widely criticized for "massive" corruption and cronyism.

By January 2013, more than half of the ministers appointed by Yanukovych were either born in the Donbas region or made some crucial part of their careers there, and Yanukovych has been accused of "regional cronyism" for his staffing of police, judiciary, and tax services "all over Ukraine" with "Donbas people". Over 46% of the budget subventions for social and economic development was allotted to the Donbas region's Donetsk Oblast and Luhansk Oblast administrations – 0.62 billion UAH ($76.2 million) versus 0.71 billion UAH ($87.5 million) for the rest of the country.

Anders Åslund, a Swedish economist and Ukraine analyst, described the consolidation of Ukrainian economic power in the hands of a few "elite industrial tycoons", one of the richest and most influential of whom has become President Yanukovych's own son Oleksandr Yanukovych. The exact distribution of wealth and precise weight of influence are difficult to gauge, but most of the country's richest men were afraid to cross the Yanukovich family, even in cases where their own economic interests favored an economically pro-EU Ukraine. Young "robber capitalis[ts] have been buying up both public and private businesses at "rock bottom" prices available in the stagnating economic conditions brought on by Yanukovych's economic policies." According to Åslund, one notable exception to the Yanukovych family's influence was Petro Poroshenko, who is described as "uncommonly courageous", although his confectionery empire is less susceptible to ruin by the substantial power the Yanukovych family wielded in the heavy industry sectors located in Yanukovych's geographic power base of  Donetsk.

Yanukovych had an estimated net worth of $12 billion, and has been accused by Ukrainian officials of misappropriating funds from Ukraine's treasury. Arseniy Yatsenyuk has claimed that treasury funds of up to $70 billion were transferred to foreign accounts during Yanukovych's presidency. Authorities in Switzerland, Austria and Liechtenstein froze the assets of Yanukovych and his son Oleksander on 28 February 2014 pending a money laundering investigation. Yanukovych has denied that he embezzled funds and has said that his alleged foreign accounts do not exist.

On 12 January 2015, Interpol issued a Red Notice for him, making him a wanted person, on charges of 'Misappropriation, embezzlement or conversion of property by malversation, if committed in respect of an especially gross amount, or by an organized group.'

Personal excesses
In a feature with photos on Yanukovych's Mezhyhirya (residence)|Mezhyhirya mansion, Sergii Leshchenko notes "For most of [Yanukovych's] career he was a public servant or parliament deputy, where his salary never exceeded 2000 US dollars per month." Under a photo showing the new home's ornate ceiling, Leschenko remarks, "In a country where 35% of the population live under poverty line, spending 100,000 dollars on each individual chandelier seems excessive, to say the least." Crowned with a pure copper roof, the mansion was the largest wooden structure ever created by Finnish log home builder Honkarakenne|Honka, whose representative suggested to Yanukovych that it be nominated for the  Guinness World Records|Guinness Book of Records. The property contained a private zoo, underground shooting range, 18-hole golf course, tennis, and bowling. After describing the mansion's complicated ownership scheme, the article author noted, "The story of Viktor Yanukovych and his residence highlights a paradox. Having completely rejected such European values as human rights and democracy, the Ukrainian president uses Europe as a place to hide his dirty money with impunity."

Documents recovered from Yanukovych's compound show among other expenses $800 medical treatment for fish, $14,500 spent on tablecloths, and a nearly 42 million dollar order for light fixtures. Also recovered were files on Yanukovych's perceived enemies, especially media members, including beating victim Tetyana Chornovol. The cost of monitoring the mass media was reportedly $5.7 million just for the month of December 2010.

Yanukovych told BBC Newsnight (in June 2015) that stories that Mezhyhirya cost the Ukrainian taxpayer millions of dollars were "political technology and Spin (public relations)|spin " and that the estate did not belong to him personally; he claimed that the ostriches in the residence's petting zoo "just happened to be there".

Accusations of police abuse and vote rigging
Yanukovych has been accused, by Amnesty International  among others, of using the  Berkut (Ukraine)|Berkut  to threaten, attack, and torture Ukrainian protesters. The Berkut, recently disbanded, were a controversial national police force under his personal command. The Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe  confirmed witness accounts of voters being blocked from access to polls and being attacked along with local election officials who tried to frustrate the Berkut's practice of falsifying voters' ballots in favor of Yanukovych's Party of Regions candidates. Individual cases have been reported of citizens grouping together and fighting back against the Berkut in order to preserve election integrity and results. Upon coming to power Yanukovych had reversed oversight measures established during the Yushchenko administration to restrain the Berkut's abuse of citizens whereupon the special force "upped its brutality."

Former criminal convictions and new criminal cases
On 15 December 1967, at the age of 17, Yanukovych was sentenced to three years incarceration for participating in a robbery and assault.

On 8 June 1970, he was convicted for a second time on charges of assault. He was sentenced to two years of imprisonment and did not appeal against the verdict. Decades later, Yanukovych characterized his arrests and incarceration as "mistakes of youth".

On 11 July 2005, the office of the Donetsk Oblast Prosecutor charged Yanukovych with fraud, stemming from alleged irregularities in the way his convictions were expunged twenty years earlier. In 2006, the General Prosecutor of Ukraine  closed the case due to lack of evidence. In 2006, a criminal charge was filed for official falsifying of documents concerning the quashing of Yanukovych's prior convictions after it was discovered that two documents had been tampered with, including the forgery of a judge's signature in connection with one charge of  Battery (crime)|battery.

On 29 January 2010, the Prosecutor General of Ukraine   Oleksandr Medvedko  claimed that Yanukovych was unlawfully jailed in his youth.

A warrant for Yanukovych's arrest was issued on 24 February 2014 by the interim government, accusing him of mass murder of protesters. Acting Ukrainian Interior Minister Arsen Avakov  declared that Yanukovych has been placed on Ukraine's  most wanted list  and that a criminal case on mass killings of civilians has been opened against him.

On 28 February 2014 the General Prosecutor of Ukraine   Oleh Makhnitsky  formally asked Russia to extradite Yanukovych. Russian prosecutors refused to extradite him, and (contradicting Ukraine's claim) state that they have not received such a request from Ukraine.

Due to the 2014 Crimean crisis|Crimean crisis  he was put on the US sanction list on 17 March 2014.

After the Euromaidan  events the  General Prosecutor of Ukraine  opened at least four new criminal cases against the former president of Ukraine. This includes documented multiple payments cash to a number of Ukraine's top officials which are investigated as suspected bribes. The payments totalled in $2 billion over years, ranged from $500k to $20m paid in cash and the recipients included "ministers, heads of agencies, Verkhovna Rada members, civic activists, representatives of international organizations, top judges, including those of the Supreme Administrative Court and the Constitutional Court, and the Central Election Commission".

Ukrtelekom case
On 30 September 2014 the General Prosecutor of Ukraine  opened a new case against Yanukovych for using state budget money (220 million  hryvnia ) to establish his own private communication company based on  Ukrtelekom. The prosecutor's office also considers that Yanukovych was helped by the former government officials Mykola Azarov  (prime minister),  Yuriy Kolobov  (finance minister), Anatoliy Markovsky (first deputy minister of finance), Hennadiy Reznikov (director of  Derzhspetszviazok ), and Dzenyk (Ukrtelekom board of directors).

Signing of the Kharkiv treaty
Since the summer of 2014 the prosecutor's office has investigated the signing the Kharkiv treaty by Yanukovych that allowed the Black Sea Fleet to stay in Ukraine for an additional 25 years. Yanukovych is being charged with abuse of power (Article 364) and state treason (Article 111) that are being investigated since April 2014 as well as the new procedure on Organized crime|creation of criminal organization (Article 255) that is being investigated since the summer.

Mass murder at Maidan
The case of mass murder at Maidan gathered a group of Criminal Code articles which also include an attempt to relocate a headquarters of Supreme Commander-in-Chief, National Bank and Foreign Ministry to Sevastopol (Article 109, part 2) as well as Yanukovych's statements about the illegitimacy of higher state authorities after his overthrow (Article 109, part 3).

Property theft through conspiracy
Yanukovych is also charged with property theft in a conspiracy with the chairman of the Nadra state company (Articles 109 and 209), which has been under investigation since March 2014.

Interpol
On 12 January 2015, Viktor Yanukovych was Interpol notice|listed by Interpol as "wanted by the judicial authorities of Ukraine for prosecution / to serve a sentence" on charges of "misappropriation, embezzlement or conversion of property by malversation, if committed in respect of an especially gross amount, or by an organized group".

On 16 July 2015, some Russian media reported that Interpol had suspended its international arrest warrant for Yanukovych. According to the Ukrainian Interpol office, this was a temporary measure due to Yanukovych’s complaints that the charges were politically motivated.

Overview
Priti Sushil Patel (born 29 March 1972) is a British politician who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for the Witham (UK Parliament constituency)|Witham constituency in Essex since 2010. She served as Secretary of State for International Development from July 2016 to November 2017. A member of the Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party, she is regarded as being ideologically on the party's right-wing and has been described as a Thatcherism|Thatcherite.

Patel was born in London to a Indians in Uganda|Ugandan Indian migrant family. Educated at Keele University and the University of Essex, she was a member of the Conservative Party in her youth, became involved with the Referendum Party and then switched her allegiance back to the Conservatives. She worked for the public relations consultancy firm Weber Shandwick for several years, as part of which she lobbied for the tobacco and alcohol industries. Intending to switch to a political career, she unsuccessfully contested Nottingham North (UK Parliament constituency)|Nottingham North at the United Kingdom general election, 2005|2005 general election.

After David Cameron became party leader|Conservative leader, he recommended Patel for the party's " A-List (Conservative)|A-List " of prospective parliamentary candidate|prospective candidates. She was first elected MP for Witham, a Conservative safe seat, at the United Kingdom general election, 2010|2010 general election , and was re-elected in United Kingdom general election, 2015|2015 and United Kingdom general election, 2017|2017. Under Cameron's government, Patel was appointed Department of Work and Pensions|Minister of State for Employment. A longstanding Euroscepticism|Eurosceptic, Patel was a leading figure in the Vote Leave campaign during the build-up to the United Kingdom European Union membership referendum, 2016|2016 referendum on UK membership of the European Union. Following Cameron's resignation, Patel backed Theresa May as Conservative leader; May subsequently appointed Patel as International Development Secretary. In November 2017 Patel resigned after it was revealed that she had been involved in unauthorised meetings with the Israeli government.

A sometimes outspoken figure, Patel has been criticised by political opponents for defending the tobacco and alcohol industries; and for co-authoring an economic treatise,  Britannia Unchained , which suggested that British workers were lazier than those of other nations.

Covert meetings with Israeli officials and resignation
On 3 November 2017, the BBC 's Diplomatic correspondent James Landale broke the news that Patel had held meetings in Israel in August 2017 without telling the Foreign_and_Commonwealth_Office|Foreign Office, headed by Boris Johnson. She was accompanied by Stuart Polak, Baron Polak|Lord Polak, honorary president of Conservative Friends of Israel|Conservative Friends of Israel ( CFI). The meetings took place while Patel was on a private holiday. Patel met Yair Lapid, the leader of Israel's centrist Yesh Atid party, and reportedly made visits to several organisations where official departmental business was discussed. It was reported that, "According to one source, at least one of the meetings was held at the suggestion of the Israeli ambassador to London. In contrast, British diplomats in Israel were not informed about Ms Patel's plans."

Later that day in an interview with The Guardian Patel said that, "Boris [Johnson] knew about the visit. The point is that the Foreign Office did know about this, Boris knew about [the trip]. It is not on, it is not on at all. I went out there, I paid for it. And there is nothing else to this. It is quite extraordinary. It is for the Foreign Office to go away and explain themselves. The stuff that is out there is it, as far as I am concerned. I went on holiday and met with people and organisations. As far as I am concerned, the Foreign Office have known about this. It is not about who else I met, I have friends out there".

Patel faced calls to resign, with numerous political figures suggesting her actions amounted to a breach of the Ministerial Code (United Kingdom)|ministerial code, which states: "Ministers must ensure that no conflict arises, or could reasonably be perceived to arise, between their public duties and their private interests, financial or otherwise". A senior member of the UK government stated, "She had a week full of meetings without officials and without contacting the embassy. She saw the Israeli Prime Minister with a donor lobbyists, and failed to declare or admit to the meetings. She commissioned policy work as a result. It is a total breach of the code. She's toast." Labour_Party_(UK)|Labour MP Jon Trickett said, "She met with prime minister, and all sorts in Israel, with a lobbyist – I don't think it is good enough to apologise as I really think this is a serious breach of the ministerial code. The Prime Minister really should be sacking her, or at the very, very minimum referring it to the Cabinet Office for investigation".

On 6 November, Patel was summoned to meet Theresa May, who then said that Patel had been "reminded of her responsibilities" and announced plans for the ministerial code of conduct to be tightened. Patel later issued a statement admitting that she had not in fact forewarned anyone of her visits, and that she had also met the Israeli prime minister, Benyamin Netanyahu. According to Downing Street, the Theresa May|Prime Minister only learned of the meetings after the BBC broke the story on 3 November. This meant that when May hosted Netanyahu the previous day for the Balfour Declaration centenary, she was not aware that her minister had meetings with him in August.

It was also reported that following the meetings Patel had recommended that the Department for International Development give international aid money to humanitarian projects run by the Israeli military in the occupied Golan Heights region.

Patel resigned from her cabinet position on 8 November 2017, after 16 months in the post.

Overview
Robert Gabriel Mugabe (/muˈɡɑːbi/; Shona: [muɡaɓe]; born 21 February 1924) is a Zimbabwean revolutionary and politician. He was the leader of Zimbabwe from 1980 to 2017, serving as Prime Minister from 1980 to 1987 and as President from 1987 to 2017. He chaired the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) group from 1975 to 1980 and led its successor political party, the ZANU – Patriotic Front (ZANU–PF), from 1980 to 2017. Ideologically an African nationalist, during the 1970s and 1980s he identified as a Marxist–Leninist, although after the 1990s self-identified only as a socialist. His policies have been described as Mugabeism.

Mugabe was born to a poor Shona family in Kutama, Southern Rhodesia. Following an education at Kutama College and the University of Fort Hare, he worked as a school teacher in Southern Rhodesia, Northern Rhodesia and Ghana. Angered that Southern Rhodesia was a British colony governed by a white minority, Mugabe embraced Marxism and joined African nationalist protests calling for an independent black-led state. After making anti-government comments, he was convicted of sedition and imprisoned between 1964 and 1974. On release, he fled to Mozambique, established his leadership of ZANU and oversaw ZANU's role in the Rhodesian Bush War, fighting Ian Smith's predominantly white government. He reluctantly took part in the peace negotiations brokered by the United Kingdom that resulted in the Lancaster House Agreement. The agreement dismantled white minority rule and resulted in the 1980 general election, at which Mugabe led ZANU-PF to victory. When Southern Rhodesia was granted internationally recognised independence as Zimbabwe that April, Mugabe became the country's prime minister. Mugabe's administration expanded healthcare and education and—despite his Marxist rhetoric and professed desire for a socialist society—adhered largely to orthodox, conservative economic policies.

Mugabe's initial calls for racial reconciliation failed to stem deteriorating race relations and growing white flight. Relations with Joshua Nkomo's Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU) also declined, with Mugabe crushing ZAPU-linked opposition in Matabeleland during the Gukurahundi between 1982 and 1985; at least 10,000 people, mostly Ndebele civilians, were killed by Mugabe's Fifth Brigade. Internationally, he sent troops into the Second Congo War and chaired the Non-Aligned Movement (1986–89), the Organisation of African Unity (1997–98) and the African Union (2015–16). Pursuing decolonisation, Mugabe's government emphasised the redistribution of land controlled by white farmers to landless blacks, initially on a "willing seller-willing buyer" basis. Frustrated at the slow rate of redistribution, from 2000 Mugabe encouraged the violent seizure of white-owned land. Food production was severely impacted, leading to famine, drastic economic decline and international sanctions. Opposition to Mugabe grew, although he was re-elected in 2002, 2008 and 2013 through campaigns dominated by violence, electoral fraud and nationalistic appeals to his rural Shona voter base. Following a 2017 coup and the loss of support from his own party, Mugabe resigned the presidency.

Having dominated Zimbabwe's politics for nearly four decades, Mugabe has been a controversial and divisive figure. He has been praised as a revolutionary hero of the African liberation struggle who helped to free Zimbabwe from British colonialism, imperialism and white minority rule. Conversely, he has been accused of being a dictator responsible for economic mismanagement, widespread corruption, racial discrimination, human rights abuses, suppression of political critics and crimes against humanity.

On 12 June 2008, the University of Massachusetts Amherst Board of Trustees voted to revoke the law degree awarded to Mugabe in 1986; this is the first time one of its honorary degrees has been revoked. They have been denounced as racist against Zimbabwe's white minority.

Reception and legacy
By the twenty-first century, Mugabe was regarded as one of the world's most controversial political leaders. According to The Black Scholar journal, "depending on who you listen to ... Mugabe is either one of the world's great tyrants or a fearless nationalist who has incurred the wrath of the West." He has been widely described as a "dictator", a "tyrant", and a "threat", and has been referred to as one of Africa's "most brutal" leaders. At the same time he continued to be regarded as a hero in many Third World countries and received a warm reception when travelling throughout Africa. For many in Southern Africa, he remained one of the "grand old men" of the African liberation movement.

According to Ndlovu-Gatsheni, within ZANU-PF, Mugabe was regarded as a "demi-god" who was feared and rarely challenged. Within the ZANU movement, a cult of personality began to be developed around Mugabe during the Bush War and was consolidated after 1980. Mugabe had a considerable following within Zimbabwe, with David Blair noting that "it would be wrong to imply that he lacked genuine popularity" in the country. Holland believed that the "great majority" of Zimbabwe's population supported him "enthusiastically" during the first twenty years of his regime. His strongholds of support were Zimbabwe's Shona-dominated regions of Mashonaland, Manicaland, and Masvingo, while he remained far less popular in the non-Shona areas of Matabeleland and Bulawayo, and among the Zimbabwean diaspora living abroad.

At the time of his 1980 election victory, Mugabe was internationally acclaimed as a revolutionary hero who was embracing racial reconciliation, and for the first decade of his governance he was widely regarded as "one of post-colonial Africa's most progressive leaders". David Blair argued that while Mugabe did exhibit a "conciliatory phase" between March 1980 and February 1982, his rule was otherwise "dominated by a ruthless quest to crush his opponents and remain in office at whatever cost". In 2011, the scholar Blessing-Miles Tendi stated that "Mugabe is often presented in the international media as the epitome of the popular leader gone awry: the independence struggle hero who seemed initially a progressive egalitarian, but has gradually been corrupted through his attachment to power during a long and increasingly repressive spell in office." Tendi argued that this was a misleading assessment, because Mugabe had displayed repressive tendencies from his early years in office, namely through the repression of ZAPU in Matabeleland. Abiodun Alao concurred, suggesting that Mugabe's approach had not changed over the course of his leadership, but merely that international attention had intensified in the twenty-first century. For many Africans, Mugabe exposed the double standards of Western countries; the latter had turned a blind eye to the massacre of over 10,000 black Ndebele civilians in the Gukarakundi but strongly censured the Zimbabwean government when a small number of white farmers were killed during the land seizures.

Example of foreign criticism: a demonstration against Mugabe's regime next to the Zimbabwe embassy in London (mid-2006). During the guerrilla war, Ian Smith referred to Mugabe as "the apostle of Satan". George Shire expressed the view that there was "a strong racist animus" against Mugabe within Zimbabwe, and that this had typically been overlooked by Western media representations of the country. Mugabe has himself been accused of racism; John Sentamu, the Uganda-born Archbishop of York in the United Kingdom, called Mugabe "the worst kind of racist dictator", for having "targeted the whites for their apparent riches". They have been denounced as racist against Zimbabwe's white minority. Desmond Tutu stated that Mugabe became "increasingly insecure, he's hitting out. One just wants to weep. It's very sad." South African President Nelson Mandela was also critical of Mugabe, referring to him as a politician who "despise[s] the very people who put [him] in power and think[s] it's a privilege to be there for eternity".

Writing for the Human Rights Quarterly, Rhoda E. Howard-Hassmann claimed that there was "clear evidence that Mugabe was guilty of crimes against humanity". In 2009, Gregory Stanton, then President of the International Association of Genocide Scholars, and Helen Fein, then Executive Director of the Institute for the Study of Genocide, published a letter in The New York Times stating that there was sufficient evidence of crimes against humanity to bring Mugabe to trial in front of the International Criminal Court. Australia and New Zealand had previously called for this in 2005, and a number of Zimbabwean NGOs did so in 2006.

In 1994, Mugabe received an honorary knighthood from the British state; this was stripped from him at the advice of the UK government in 2008. Mugabe holds several honorary degrees and doctorates from international universities, awarded to him in the 1980s; at least three of these have since been revoked. In June 2007, he became the first international figure ever to be stripped of an honorary degree by a British university, when the University of Edinburgh withdrew the degree awarded to him in 1984. On 12 June 2008, the University of Massachusetts Amherst Board of Trustees voted to revoke the law degree awarded to Mugabe in 1986; this is the first time one of its honorary degrees has been revoked.

Overview
Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif (Urdu/Punjabi: میاں محمد نواز شریف‬, born 25 December 1949) is a Pakistani businessman and politician who served as the Prime Minister of Pakistan from 2013 until he was disqualified for life from office by the Supreme Court of Pakistan in 2017. He had previously served as the Prime Minister twice in the 90s (1990–93 and 1997–99) and the Chief Minister of Punjab from 1985 to 1990. He is Pakistan's longest-serving prime minister.[2]

Born into the upper-middle class Sharif family in Lahore, he is the son of Ittefaq and Sharif Group founder, Muhammad Sharif, and the elder-brother of three-time elected Punjab Chief Minister, Shehbaz. According to the Election Commission of Pakistan He has a net worth of PKR 1.6 billion. Sharif studied business at Government College and later law at the University of Punjab before entering politics in the later 1970s. In 1981, Sharif was appointed by Zia-ul-Haq's regime as the Minister of Finance for the province of Punjab. Backed by a loose coalition of conservatives, he was elected as the Chief Minister of Punjab in 1985 and re-elected after the end of martial law in 1988. In 1990, Sharif led a conservative alliance to victory and became Prime Minister. Later it was alleged that the election was rigged in favour of Sharif by the Pakistani intelligence agency, the ISI, channeling millions of rupees into his election campaign.[3]

Sharif's first administration came to an end when then President Ghulam dismissed Sharif on corruption charges. Sharif successfully challenged the dismissal in the Supreme Court,[4] but both men were ultimately persuaded to step down in 1993 by army chief Waheed.[4] Sharif's second term also saw tussles with the judiciary and the military. Sharif also forcibly relieved General Karamat from command and replaced him with Musharraf in 1998.[5] However, the Kargil War led to a deterioration of his relations with Musharraf. When he attempted to relieve Musharraf from his command on 12 October 1999, the military instead ousted Sharif's government and exiled him to Saudi Arabia.[5]

In the 2013 elections, Sharif's Muslim League formed a coalition government with Sharif Prime Minister in Parliament.[6][7]

On the security front, in 2015 the military launched an offensive to remove extremist groups in northwestern Pakistan and another paramilitary offensive in 2017.[8][9] Sharif's third term is also underpinned by social centrism rather than the social conservatism which guided his prior two terms.[10][11] Sharif's third term has brought macroeconomic stability with the help of substantial loans from the IMF, and multi-billion dollar investment deals with China.[12] However, he has faced criticism over rising sovereign debt,[13] which has risen by 35%.[14] Sharif's family has come under judicial scrutiny over the Panama Papers.[15][16][17][18][19]

On 28 July 2017, Sharif was barred from public office by the Supreme Court of Pakistan for a period of 10 years. He was also put on the Exit Control List to prevent him from leaving the country, pending the NAB's continued investigation of corruption charges against Sharif and his three children, Mariam, Hussain and Hassan.[20] Sharif submitted his resignation after the ruling.[21]Sharif had a history of strong tirades against ‘container politics’. However, he himself is all set to do the same after he was disqualified by Supreme Court of Pakistan in the Panama Papers case, vehemently criticizing the apex court and its ruling.[22]

1999 tax evasion scandal
The prosecution accused Sharif of evading federal tax on the purchase of a helicopter worth US$1 million. Sharif denied this allegation. The Lahore High Court agreed to acquit him of this charge conditional on whether he was able to present evidence that proved his innocence. Sharif failed to cite any substantial evidence. The Lahore High Court ordered Sharif to pay a fine of US$400,000 on grounds of tax evasion, and he was sentenced to 14 years of imprisonment.

Azadi March 2014
After his return to power, a protest movement led by Imran Khan, Tahir-ul-Qadri and supported by rival factions of the Muslim League, such as the Pakistan Muslim League-Q (PLM-Q) and Awami Muslim League (AML), meant that pressure mounted on the Sharif government. Khan demanded the prime minister's resignation for the government's inadequate response in addressing and resolving allegations that the 2013 general election was rigged.[366] Sharif claimed to have support from the majority of the parties in Parliament. Khan alleged that the 2013 general elections were rigged, and the PML-N claimed that they were the most free and fair elections in the country's history. Sharif was also criticised by his opponents for running a system of patronage in which relatives were appointed to key state positions such as his brother as Chief Minister, and other relatives[who?] as Ministers in the federal government.[367][368][369] On 30 September 2014, Opposition leader Syed Khurshid Ahmed Shah, said that the Prime Minister may voluntarily recall mid-term elections.[370][371]

Voice of America reports on opposition protests against Nawaz Sharif in late 2014. On 24 April 2015, human rights activist Sabeen Mahmud was shot dead in Karachi minutes after she attended a talk she had organised on Human rights violations in Balochistan. Civil society activists and investigators alleged that she was killed for her activism and for being outspoken on various contentious topics, from extremism to state-sponsored abuses. The talk that Mahmud organised that night was initially supposed to be hosted at the Lahore University of Management Sciences however the university cancelled it a day before it was scheduled, saying it was pressured by government authorities to do so.[372] Sharif officially condemned the killing however Dawn claimed that there is a little chance her murderers will ever be brought to justice given the recent history of impunity among those who target the country's marginalised liberals.

On 20 April 2015, The Express Tribune claimed that Sharif administration misled the International Monetary Fund (IMF) over the actual tax charged on the issuance of bonus shares, as collection from supposedly the biggest source of income tax in the year stands at a mere Rs. 1 billion. As against the actual income tax rate of 5% on the value of bonus shares, the government told the IMF that it levied a 10% tax, which will generate revenue equal to 0.1% of gross domestic product or Rs. 29 billion.[373]

On 27 March 2016, around 2,000 far-right protesters led by Sunni Tehreek staged a sit-in at D-Chowk in front of the parliament in Islamabad, causing a partial halt to the capital city. The protestors demanded the implementation of Sharia in the country and declaring Mumtaz Qadri a martyr. The protestors also burned down cars and city main public transit station and injured journalists and bystanders.[374] The government on the 28th called in the army to control the law and order.[375] By 29th the crowd had shrunk to 700 protestors, however the government remained reluctant to use force against the protesters.[376] On 30 March 2016, the protesters ended their protest after government assured not to amend in blasphemy laws.[377] On 7 April 2016, The Express Tribune in an editorial claimed that Sharif's multibillion-rupee health insurance plan seems to be failing already because of poor planning, claiming that the basic health infrastructure doesn't allow for such a plan.[378][379]

On 29 October 2016, Imran Khan began mobilising worker's to lockdown Islamabad until Sharif resign's and face's a corruption inquiry. In response, Sharif government placed a citywide ban on gatherings and the arrested hundreds of opposition activists accused of defying the ban. The government also arrested scores of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf worker's and shut the motorway leading from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. On 1 November, Khan called off protest's after the Supreme Court said it would form a judicial commission to probe allegations stemming from the "Panama Papers" leaks about the Sharif family's offshore wealth.[380] In the first week of January, four Pakistani activists known on social media for their secular leftist views went missing this week.[381]

The Economist, writing in January 2017, criticised Sharif's spending on infrastructure, it added that "Pakistan's infrastructure is underused because the economic boom it was meant to trigger has never arrived." Talking about the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor, the magazine wrote that "critics fear the country will struggle to pay back the debt, especially if foreign-exchange earnings from exports continue to dwindle" further adding that "It may not concern Mr. Sharif unduly if the next generation of roads is as deserted as the last."[382]

Wealth and conglomerates
The growth of Pakistan's industry, which occurred under President Ayub Khan during the 1960s[383], was destroyed by the nationalisation program instituted by prime minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, to halt capital flight from the country to Eastern Europe.[383] This program included nationalisation of Ittefaq Group and many other large enterprises.[384]

Although the steel mill was returned to the Sharif family in 1980, havoc had already wrought.[383] The Sharif family plays a large role in the industrial growth of Pakistan and is expanding its steel business by employing state-of-the-art technology in Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and the Middle East.[385][386] In 2011, Sharif's assets were worth Rs 166 million, which increased to Rs 1.82 billion by 2013.[387] In 2012 his net income was Rs. 12.4 million ($1.24 million)[388] He was one of five billionaires elected to Pakistan's National Assembly in 2013.[389] In 2015, his declared assets slightly decreased to Rs. 1.75 billion ($17.5 Million).[390] As of 2017 his net worth is over US$1 billion.[1]

2016 Panama Papers leak
See also: Panama Papers case According to the Panama Papers, documents leaked in 2016 from law firm Mossack Fonseca that disclose client information, Nawaz Sharif's family holds millions of dollars worth of property and companies in the UK, and around the world.[391] The Mossack Fonseca documents do not name either Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif or his younger brother, Punjabi Chief Minister Shebaz Sharif. They do however link in-laws of Shebaz Sharif and children of Nawaz Sharif to offshore companies.[392][393]

The documents reveal that Nawaz Sharif's children Hassan, Husein and Maryam have multiple properties in the United Kingdoms through a set-up of at least four offshore companies in the British Virgin Islands. Mossack Fonseca records tie Nawaz daughter Maryam Nawaz and her brothers Hussein and Hassan to four offshore companies, Nescoll Limited, Nielson Holdings Limited, Coomber Group Inc., and Hangon Property Holdings Limited.[394] The companies acquired at least six upmarket real estate properties in 2006–2007 near London's Hyde Park.[395] The real estate was used as collateral for loans of up to $13.8 million, according to the Panama Papers documents.[396] The prime minister's children say the money came from the sale of a family business in Saudi Arabia.[396] Maryam Nawaz tweeted denial of wrongdoing, adding that she did not own "any company/property abroad", except as a trustee in a brother's corporation, "which only entitles me to distribute assets to my brother Hussain's family/children if needed".[397] The leaked documents name her the sole beneficial owner of Nescoll, created in 1993, and Nielson, first registered in 1994. The two companies subscribed to Mossack Fonseca services in July 2006. The Panama Papers name Maryam as the joint owner with her brother Hussain of Coomber Group. Mossack Fonseca was managing Nescoll, Nielsen Holdings, and Coomber Group when the three companies obtained a £7 million mortgage from the Swiss bank, Deutsche Bank (Suisse) SA and purchased four flats in Avenfield House, at 118 Park Lane in London.

Hassan, the other brother, whose name is sometimes spelled "Hasan", bought Hangon Holdings and its stock in 2007 for £5.5 million; Hangon then bought property, financed through the Bank of Scotland, at One Hyde Park in London, which a real estate agency calls "the finest building in England" and an architectural historian "an oversized gated community"; 59 of the 76 apartments that had been sold by January 2013 were owned by offshore shell companies.[398] Hassan also lists the Park Avenue address for an additional six companies registered in the United Kingdom of which he is a director, according to the British business registry Companies House. A seventh, Flagship Development, is listed at Stanhope House in Stanhope Place, near Marble Arch.[399]

Samina Durrani, mother of Shebaz Sharif's second wife Aaliya Honey, and Ilyas Mehraj, brother of his first wife Begum Nusrat Shahbaz, also figure in the documents. Habib Waqas Group/Ilyas Mehraj is listed as a shareholder with 127,735 shares in Haylandale Limited, registered 24 July 2003 in the Bahamas. Mehraj denied knowing anything about "any company whether incorporated in the Commonwealth of Bahamas or anywhere else under the name Haylandale Ltd".[392] Rainbow Limited, the newest of the three offshore companies owned by Samina Durrani, was registered 29 September 2010 in the British Virgin Islands (BVI).[392] Armani River Limited, registered in the Bahamas on 16 May 2002, describes its assets as "property in London, which is not currently rented".[392] Assets of Star Precision Limited, registered in BVI 21 May 1997 were reported as "cash as the investment portfolio. We are also holding 1,165,238 shares in Orix Leasing Pakistan Limited."[392] Hussain Nawaz, whose name sometines appears as Husein or Hussein, said his family won't impede any investigation, and urged one of former president Pervez Musharraf as well.[400] The government on 15 April announced an investigation by an inquiry commission of all Pakistanis named in the documents. Opposition politicians said a judge, not a retired judge, should investigate. Various judges have already recused themselves. In addition, on 19 April 2016 Army Chief General Raheel Sharif warned that across-the-board accountability is needed.[401]

On 28 July 2017, the court announced its decision and disqualified Prime Minister from holding public office as he had been dishonest in not disclosing his employment in the Dubai-based Capital FZE company in his nomination papers.[402] The court also ordered National Accountability Bureau to file a reference against Sharif and his family against corruption charges.[403][404][405][406]

Jacob Zuma
On 16 March 2018, it was confirmed by the director of public prosecutions that Zuma would face 18 charges of corruption, including more than 700 counts of fraud and money laundering.

He was dogged by claims relating to using state money to upgrade his home (including an alleged chicken coup and known swimming pool), a 2005 rape charge and other dismissed charges.

Ameenah Gurib-Fakim
President Ameenah Gurib-Fakim of Mauritius, the island nation’s first woman head of state, quit on March 17th 2018m, effective March 28th, in the wake of a scandal over a shopping expenses that led to a breakdown in her relationship with the prime minister.

Her association with Angolan billionaire Alvaro Sobrinho who helped found the PEI and is now himself being investigated in Switzerland and Portugal for suspected fraud was added to here woes.

Cristina Cifuentes
She was caught shoplifting in a Madrid store.

Robert Fico
.

Others that may fall

 * 1) Michel Temmire
 * 2) Nicolas Maduro
 * 3) Benjamin Netanyahu
 * 4) Armen Sarkissian
 * 5) Serge Sargsyan
 * 6) Robert Kocharyan.

Also see

 * 1) The cancer of corruption
 * 2) President
 * 3) Prime Minister
 * 4) 2017 Kenyan false diplomas for state officials scam